BrownLeg

Orbison, Roy

2005-04-05T01:55:00.000-07:00

Raised in West Texas, Orbison formed his first musical group at age 13. He dropped out of college to pursue music, and as a member of the Teen-Kings

Fish-finder

2005-04-04T02:50:00.000-07:00

Also called Netsonde, in commercial fishing, high-frequency sonar device for locating schools of fish. It transmits sound waves downward and receives echoes from the bottom of the sea, or from intervening schools of fish, also indicating distance from ship to fish. Two different types are used, one of which is a simple “echo sounder” that points directly downward from the ship and indicates

Heinrich Von Melk

2005-04-02T23:41:00.000-08:00

A Benedictine lay brother of the Austrian monastery of Melk, he composed a vivid poem Von des Tôdes gehügede (c. 1150–60; “Remembrance of Death” or “Memento Mori”). The monkish theme is traditional, but the poem's satiric edge and unflattering description of the contemporary emerging feudal and courtly culture

Sea Spider

2005-04-02T14:51:00.000-08:00

Most pycnogonids have four pairs of long legs attached to four trunk segments. The body size ranges from 3 millimetres ( 1/8 inch) in

South Africa, The arts

2005-03-31T21:06:00.000-08:00

The many languages spoken by South Africa's people reflect the country's cultural diversity. The Africans have adopted a host of Western ways, but a core of African cultural traditions of language, music, and dance retains its vitality and has contributed to a distinctly South African fusion of cultural forms. Some of the better-known features of that fusion appear

Allan, Sir Hugh

2005-03-31T09:59:00.000-08:00

Allan emigrated to Canada in 1826 and in 1831 began work for a shipbuilding company in Montreal. By 1839 he was a senior partner, and by 1853 he and his brother

Baracaldo

2005-03-30T15:26:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Barakaldo, industrial municipality, northern Biscay (Vizcaya) provincia, in the autonomous Basque Country, northeastern Spain. It lies on the south bank of the Nervión River. Baracaldo consists of the Bilbao suburbs of El Regato, San Vicente de Baracaldo, Iráuregui, and Alonsótegui. It is the terminus of a mining railway; the locality's primary economic activities include iron

Arts, Central Asian, Music

2005-03-30T09:52:00.000-08:00

Richard A. Waterman et al., “Bibliography of Asiatic Musics,” 13th installment, Notes of the Music Library Association, 8:100–118 (1950); Mark Slobin, “Zentralasien,” in Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart, vol. 14 (1968), see sect. 1, “Afghanistan and the Sedentary Population of Turkestan”; and Record notes for “Afghanistan,” vol. 1–4, series Anthology of the World's Music, include photographs, musical illustrations; H.G. Farmer, “Turkestani Music,” Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 5th ed., vol. 8, pp. 610–612 (1954), historical background and general information; A. Huth, “Instruments of East Turkestan,” ibid., pp. 608–610, historical background; Johanna Spector, “Musical Tradition and Innovation,” in Edward Allworth (ed.), Central Asia: A Century of Russian Rule, pp. 434–484 (1967), detailed information on Turkistani music, with emphasis on the court tradition, including excellent illustrations and charts. (Music of the Turkic nomads, Mongolia, and Siberia): Ernst Emsheimer et al., The Music of the Mongols (1943, reprinted 1971), the classic work; Mark Slobin, Kirgiz Instrumental Music (1969), detailed study of one Central Asian tradition. (Music of the Himalayan peoples): P. Crossley-Holland, “Tibetan Music,” Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, vol. 8, pp. 456–464, a thorough basic survey; Luther G. Jerstad, Mani-rimdu: Sherpa Dance-Drama (1969), a thorough account of a specific Himalayan tradition.

Saxe, (hermann-) Maurice, Comte De

2005-03-28T22:56:00.000-08:00

The illegitimate son of the elector Frederick Augustus I of Saxony (later also King Augustus II of Poland), young Maurice was sent by his father to serve under Prince Eugene of Savoy against the French in Flanders

Nephelinesyenite

2005-03-27T14:13:00.000-08:00

Medium- to coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock, a member of the alkali-syenite group (see syenite) that consists largely of feldspar and nepheline. It is always considerably poorer in silica and richer in alkalies than granite. The extraordinarily varied mineralogy of the nephelinesyenites and their remarkable variation in habit, fabric, appearance, and composition

Bokn Fjord

2005-03-25T09:42:00.000-08:00

Norwegian Boknafjorden, inlet of the North Sea in Rogaland fylke (county), southwestern Norway. At its mouth, between the southern tip of Karm Island and the northern tip of the Tungenes Peninsula, it is 12 miles (20 km) wide. Bokn Fjord proper extends inland for about 28 miles (45 km). Its principal branches include Skjold Fjord and Sandeid Fjord to the north, Sauda Fjord and Hyls Fjord to the northeast, and Lyse

Vaughan, Frankie

2005-03-25T02:51:00.000-08:00

British theatre and cabaret singer who was one of the most popular romantic crooners of the 1950s through the '90s; darkly handsome and elegantly dressed, “Mr. Moonlight” (as he was known from his signature tune, “Give Me the Moonlight”) also appeared on television in Britain, the U.S., and across Europe and in motion pictures, notably in a musical number with Marilyn Monroe in Let's

Auburn University

2005-03-23T00:27:00.000-08:00

Public, coeducational institution of higher education located in Auburn, Alabama, U.S. The university offers a broad range of undergraduate and graduate degree programs and is noted for its colleges of engineering and business. Degrees in nursing, pharmacy, and veterinary medicine are also available. A branch campus in Montgomery offers undergraduate and graduate

Guadalupe

2005-03-21T20:23:00.000-08:00

Town, Cáceres province, in the Extremadura comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”), southwestern Spain. It lies on the southeastern slopes of the Guadalupe Mountains near the Guadalupejo River east of Cáceres city. The town is famous for its monastery, which had its origins as a small hermitage built in the early 14th century on the spot where a shepherd had found

Sweyn Ii Estridsen

2005-03-21T11:23:00.000-08:00

The son of Ulf, a Danish earl, and Estrid, a sister of Canute I the Great, Sweyn fled to Sweden after his father was murdered in 1027 on orders of Canute. After the death of Canute (1035), when Hardecanute was ruling in Denmark and Magnus in Norway, the young kings agreed that whoever lived longer

Franciabigio

2005-03-20T18:14:00.000-08:00

Also called Francesco Di Cristofano, Francesco Giudini, or Giudici Italian Renaissance painter, best known for his portraits and religious paintings, whose style included early Renaissance, High Renaissance, and Proto-Mannerist elements. His early style is filled with movement and attention to descriptive detail, strongly reminiscent of 15th-century Italian painting. Later, he was attracted to the Florentine

Aerospace Industry, Space launchers

2005-03-19T21:15:00.000-08:00

Various companies build small ELVs capable of taking light payloads into space. In this market segment the American supplier Orbital Sciences

Cagayan De Oro

2005-03-18T18:25:00.000-08:00

City, northern Mindanao, Philippines. It lies along the Cagayan River near the head of Macajalar Bay. After its establishment as a mission station in the 17th century, it was fortified by the Spaniards. Cagayan de Oro was chartered as a city in 1950 and has become the transportation and commercial hub of northern Mindanao. Its international airport is a major stopover for

Chelyabinsk

2005-03-17T18:16:00.000-08:00

Chelyabinsk was founded as a fortress in 1736 on the site of a Bashkir village; it became a town in 1787. First a local centre of an agricultural region, it began to grow with the coming of the Trans-Siberian Railroad in 1894–96. Thereafter

Rush, Richard

2005-03-17T08:14:00.000-08:00

The son of the noted physician Benjamin Rush, Richard graduated from Princeton in 1797 and was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia in 1800. He served as attorney general of Pennsylvania (1811), attorney

Korea, South

2005-03-16T22:28:00.000-08:00

Officially Republic of Korea , Korean Taehan Min'guk country in East Asia. It occupies the southern portion of the Korean peninsula. The country is bordered by the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) to the north, the East Sea (Sea of Japan) to the east, the East China Sea to the south, and the Yellow Sea to the west; to the southeast it is separated from the Japanese island of Tsushima by the Korea Strait. South Korea

United Nations

2005-03-15T18:07:00.000-08:00

Though UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan's term was scheduled to end on Dec. 31, 2001, he announced on March 22 his availability for five more years. UN delegates credited him with having strengthened internal management, gained control over the organization's budget, and improved ties with the U.S., and they reelected him by acclamation on June 29. He was praised for his levelheadedness,

Panama Canal, The canal

2005-03-15T16:38:00.000-08:00

The Panama Canal lies at a latitude of 9° N. The canal does not, as is generally supposed, cross the isthmus from east to west. It runs due south from its entrance at Colón on the Atlantic side through the Gatún (Gatun) Locks to a point in the widest portion of Gatún Lake; it then turns sharply toward the east and follows a course generally to the southeast until it reaches the

Fungus

2005-03-14T22:26:00.000-08:00

The origin of the fungi is obscure, the fossil record being scanty and virtually meaningless. The older theory supposed the fungi to have originated by loss of chlorophyll from one or two groups of algae, one school favouring the development of the fungi monophyletically (i.e., from a single ancestor) from the green algae, the other postulating that the lower fungi originated

Interlude

2005-03-14T22:04:00.000-08:00

In theatre, early form of English dramatic entertainment, sometimes considered to be the transition between medieval morality plays and Tudor dramas. Interludes were performed at court or at “great houses” by professional minstrels or amateurs at intervals between some other entertainment, such as a banquet, or preceding or following a play, or between acts. Although

Augustine, Saint

2005-03-14T09:08:00.000-08:00

None of Augustine's other works has the currency or readership of his two masterpieces. Of greatest interest are the following:

Asheboro

2005-03-13T15:16:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1796) of Randolph county, central North Carolina, U.S. It lies in the forested Uwharrie Mountains about 25 miles (40 km) south of Greensboro. Asheboro (originally Asheborough) was founded in 1796 on land that was once the home of Keyauwee Indians; a prehistoric Native American burial ground nearby was excavated in 1936. The name honours North Carolina Governor Samuel Ashe (1725–1813). The community

Water Glass

2005-03-12T00:58:00.000-08:00

Also called Sodium Silicate, or Soluble Glass, crystal-like lumps that range from colourless to white or grayish white and resemble glass but can be dissolved in water to form a syrupy liquid. Some forms are slightly soluble, and some are almost insoluble; they are best dissolved by heating with water under pressure. A little water dissolves water glass more readily than much water does. The solutions are strongly

Lowboy

2005-03-11T21:48:00.000-08:00

A small dressing table with four or six legs and two or three drawers, resembling in some ways the lower portion of a highboy (q.v.). Lowboy and highboy were often made to match. In the versions made until about 1750, the legs are joined by stretchers, but after that date they usually assume a cabriole shape.

New Apostolic Church

2005-03-10T08:26:00.000-08:00

Church organized in Germany in 1863 as the Universal Catholic Church, by members of the Catholic Apostolic Church who believed that new apostles must be appointed to replace deceased apostles and rule the church until the Second Coming of Christ. The present name was adopted in 1906. Its doctrines are similar to the parent church, but the new church was influenced by continental

Cádiz

2005-03-09T17:32:00.000-08:00

The eastern part of the provincia is crossed by wooded spurs of

'abd Al-rahman Iii

2005-03-09T16:50:00.000-08:00

Byname Al-Nasir li-Din Allah (Arabic: “Victor for the Religion of Allah”) , in full 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hakam al-Rabdi ibn Hisham ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Dakhil first caliph and greatest ruler of the Umayyad Arab Muslim dynasty of Spain. He reigned as hereditary emir (“prince”) of Córdoba from October 912 and took the title of caliph in 929.

Elizabeth Islands

2005-03-08T21:55:00.000-08:00

Chain of small islands in southeastern Massachusetts, U.S. They extend southwestward for 16 miles (26 km) from the southwestern tip of Cape Cod, between Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. Administratively a part of Dukes county, the islands constitute Gosnold town (a township area settled in 1641 and incorporated in 1864). The larger islands are Nonamesset, Naushon, Pasque, Nashawena,

Kerkrade

2005-03-07T23:58:00.000-08:00

The former abbey of Rolduc (1104) has a notable Romanesque church; its courtyard buildings now serve as a boys' school. A natural

Atwood, Margaret (eleanor)

2005-03-07T16:11:00.000-08:00

In her early poetry

Gabrilowitsch, Ossip (salomonovich)

2005-03-07T01:01:00.000-08:00

After study with two of the outstanding pianists of his day—Anton Rubinstein in St. Petersburg and Theodor Leschetizky in Vienna—Gabrilowitsch toured widely in Europe and the United States. In 1909 he married Mark Twain's daughter, the singer Clara Clemens,

Hughes, Thomas

2005-03-05T23:27:00.000-08:00

Hughes attended Rugby School from 1834 to 1842. His love for the great Rugby headmaster Thomas Arnold and for games and boyish high spirits are admirably captured in the novel Tom Brown's School Days (1857). The book's success—it ran into nearly 50 editions

Bohemond I

2005-03-04T20:25:00.000-08:00

The son of Robert Guiscard (the Astute) and his first wife, Alberada, Bohemond was christened Marc but nicknamed after a legendary giant named Bohemond. The nickname proved well taken because physically Bohemond was the ideally

Tarantula

2005-03-04T00:12:00.000-08:00

The bite of L. tarentula was once thought to cause a disease known as tarantism, in which the victim wept and skipped about before going into a wild

Akron

2005-03-02T17:25:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1842) of Summit county, northeastern Ohio, U.S. It lies along the Cuyahoga River, 41 miles (66 km) south-southeast of Cleveland. Akron is the centre of a metropolitan area that includes the cities of Cuyahoga Falls, Tallmadge, and Stow and several villages. At 1,200 feet (370 m) above sea level, it was named for its “high place” (Greek: akros) on the watershed between the Mississippi River and

Camargo, Marie (-anne De Cupis De)

2005-03-02T02:39:00.000-08:00

Camargo studied in Paris under Françoise Prevost and danced in Brussels and Rouen before her Paris Opéra debut in 1726 in Les Caractères de la danse. Her success provoked the jealousy of her aging teacher, Prevost, who

Cosmos

2005-03-01T07:32:00.000-08:00

Any of a series of unmanned Soviet satellites launched from the early 1960s. Cosmos satellites were used for a wide variety of purposes, including scientific research, navigation, and military reconnaissance. Cosmos 26 and 49 (both launched in 1964), for example, were equipped to measure the Earth's magnetic field. Others were employed to study certain technical aspects of spaceflight

Computer Security

2005-02-28T04:50:00.000-08:00

The protection of computer systems and information from harm, theft, and unauthorized use. Computer hardware is typically protected by the same means used to protect other valuable or sensitive equipment, namely, serial numbers, doors and locks, and alarms. The protection of information and system access, on the other hand, is achieved through other tactics, some

Cumberland River

2005-02-27T21:02:00.000-08:00

River formed on the Cumberland Plateau by the confluence of Poor and Clover forks in Harlan county, southern Kentucky, U.S. Looping through northern Tennessee, it joins the Ohio River after a course of 687 miles (1,106 km) at Smithland, Ky., 12 miles (19 km) upstream from the mouth of the Tennessee River. From its headwaters to the Cumberland (or Great) Falls, in Whitley county, Ky. (site of a state

Nara

2005-02-27T11:08:00.000-08:00

City, Nara ken (prefecture), southern Honshu, Japan. The city of Nara, the prefectural capital, is located in the hilly northeastern edge of the Nara Basin, 25 miles (40 km) east of Osaka. It was the national capital of Japan from 710 to 784—when it was called Heijo-kyo—and retains the atmosphere of ancient Japan. The city is most noted for the many ancient Japanese Buddhist buildings and artifacts

Cumberland River

2005-02-26T17:16:00.000-08:00

A chemical element in the oxygen family (Group VIa) of the periodic table, closely allied in chemical and physical properties with the elements sulfur and tellurium.

Vietnam, Nam Viet

2005-02-26T14:34:00.000-08:00

This kingdom covered much of southern China and was ruled by Trieu Da from his capital near the present site of Canton. Its population consisted chiefly of the Viet who had earlier been driven by the Chinese from their kingdoms south of the Yangtze River. Trieu Da, after throwing off Chinese sovereignty and killing all officials loyal to the Chinese emperor, adopted

Tallit

2005-02-26T05:54:00.000-08:00

Rectangular in shape, the wool (or sometimes silk) shawl has black or blue stripes with fringes (tzitzit) affixed to

Animal Learning, Habituation

2005-02-24T19:35:00.000-08:00

A classic example of habituation is the following observation on the snail Helix albolabris. If the snail is moving along a wooden surface, it will immediately withdraw into its shell if the experimenter taps on the surface. It emerges after a pause, only to withdraw again if the tap is repeated. But continued repetition of the same tapping at regular intervals elicits

Uesugi Family

2005-02-24T17:36:00.000-08:00

The Uesugi were already dominant in the Kanto region of Honshu when the appointment of the head of the family to the hereditary post of governor-general of Kanto in 1439 made them the second most powerful clan in Japan and the dominant power in the western part of the

Bonnie And Clyde

2005-02-24T05:32:00.000-08:00

Barrow had been a criminal long before he met Parker in January 1930. After 20 months in prison

Montserrat

2005-02-23T23:23:00.000-08:00

Mountain, northwestern Barcelona provincia, in the comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”) of Catalonia, Spain, lying just west of the Llobregat River and northwest of Barcelona city. Known to the Romans as Mons Serratus (“Saw-toothed Mountain”) and to the Catalans as Montsagrat (“Sacred Mountain”), it is famous for its unusual appearance, its Benedictine monastery

Kabylie

2005-02-22T15:42:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Kabylia, mountainous coastal region in northern Algeria, between Algiers and Skikda. It comprises: (1) the Great Kabylie (Grande Kabylie) or Djurdjura Mountains bounded on the west by the Isser River and on the southeast by the Wadi Soummam; (2) the Little Kabylie (Petite Kabylie, or Kabylie des Babors) around the Gulf of Bejaïa (Bougie); and (3) the Collo Kabylie (Kabylie de Collo) forming

Interior Design, Classic movement after the Revolution, 17851835

2005-02-21T11:16:00.000-08:00

Even after the American Revolution, English decorative influence predominated in the United States, in spite of greatly increased contacts with French thought and ideas. Although many leaders like Thomas Jefferson wished to see a complete break with English traditions, the Georgian forms of colonial days persisted in common usage till 1800 or after. By 1785, however, the

Aesthetics, The aesthetic experience

2005-02-20T19:13:00.000-08:00

Such considerations point toward the aforementioned approach that begins with the aesthetic experience as the most likely to capture the full range of aesthetic phenomena without begging the important philosophical questions about their nature. Can we then single out a faculty, an attitude, a mode of judgment, or a form of experience that is distinctively aesthetic?

Fermo

2005-02-19T23:28:00.000-08:00

Latin Firmum town and archiepiscopal see, Ascoli Piceno provincia, Marche regione, Italy. It is situated on a hill overlooking the Tenna River, near the Adriatic Sea. An ancient stronghold (Firmum Picenum) of the Picenes (early inhabitants of the coast), it was taken by the Romans in 264 BC and became a colony with full rights in 42 BC. Conquered successively by the Goths, Byzantines (AD 553–570), Lombards, and

Dysphagia

2005-02-19T15:36:00.000-08:00

Difficulty or pain in swallowing, caused by lesions or stricture of the upper digestive tract, obstruction of the upper digestive tract by tumours or foreign bodies, or disturbances in the nervous or muscular control of swallowing. Obstruction of the esophagus is the most common cause of dysphagia. People with dysphagia may experience a sensation that food or

Ma-xia School

2005-02-19T08:49:00.000-08:00

Wade-Giles romanization Ma-hsia group of Chinese landscape artists that used a style of painting named after Ma Yuan and Xia Gui, two great painters of the Southern Song academy, of which they were members in the last quarter of the 12th century AD and the beginning of the 13th century. The aim of their landscapes was to create a feeling of limitless space, a vast atmospheric void out of which a few elements,

Beretta Spa

2005-02-18T13:40:00.000-08:00

The founder of the business, Bartolomeo Beretta, was known as a maestro da canne, or master gun-barrel maker, for the republic of

Alabama, The people

2005-02-17T19:23:00.000-08:00

Three-fourths of the state's population is white. The white population is significant for its deep roots in the state: the number of foreign-born residents is very small, and most whites are descendants of 19th-century settlers who came from adjoining regions to the east and north. Black Alabamians have equally deep roots in the state, dating to the days of chattel slavery

Xanthate

2005-02-16T07:28:00.000-08:00

Any of a class of organic salts formed by treatment of an alcohol with carbon disulfide in the presence of an alkali. The term is derived from the Greek word xanthos, for “yellow,” in reference to the compound potassium ethyl xanthate (C2H5OCS2K), which gives a yellow precipitate when combined with copper sulfate. The most important group of xanthates are the sodium salts

Nitrate And Iodate Minerals

2005-02-16T06:28:00.000-08:00

Small group of naturally occurring inorganic compounds that are practically confined to the Atacama Desert of northern Chile; the principal locality is Antofagasta. These minerals occur under the loose soil as beds of grayish caliche (a hard cemented mixture of nitrates, sulfates, halides, and sand) 2–3 m (7–10 feet) thick. The much rarer iodate minerals occur sporadically,

Ecuador, Drainage

2005-02-15T01:18:00.000-08:00

As the annual thawing of snow occurs in the mountains, numerous rivers rise, pass through the hoyas of the Sierra, and flow either west to the Pacific coast or east to the Amazon River. The Costa is primarily drained into the Pacific Ocean by the Guayas basin. Formed by the juncture of the Daule and Babahoyo rivers and their affluents, the Guayas River is navigable for

Chandler, Norman

2005-02-15T00:43:00.000-08:00

Chandler was the son of Harry Chandler, who owned the Los Angeles Times. After attending Stanford University, Norman joined the Times in 1922 as secretary

Struve, Pyotr Berngardovich

2005-02-14T06:42:00.000-08:00

While studying economic theory and history at the University of St. Petersburg, Struve became a Marxist. The Marxist analysis of Russian capitalism that he presented in 1894 in his Kriticheskiye zametki k voprocy ob ekonomicheskom razviti rossi (“Critical Remarks on

Leaf

2005-02-13T19:05:00.000-08:00

In botany, any usually flattened green outgrowth from the stem of a vascular plant. Leaves manufacture food for plants, which in turn ultimately nourish and sustain all land animals. Botanically, leaves are an integral part of the stem system, and they are initiated in the apical bud along with the tissues of the stem itself. Certain organs that are superficially very

Durham, John George Lambton, 1st Earl Of

2005-02-13T06:57:00.000-08:00

Also called (1828–33) Baron Durham British reformist Whig statesman sometimes known as “Radical Jack,” governor general and lord high commissioner of Canada, and nominal author of the Report on the Affairs of British North America (1839), which for many years served as a guide to British imperial policy. The “Durham Report” was largely written by his chief secretary

Cleveland

2005-02-13T05:26:00.000-08:00

Region and former administrative county, northeastern England, along the River Tees and the North Sea. The region comprises parts of the historic counties of Durham and Yorkshire to the north and south of the Tees, respectively. It is divided administratively into the following unitary authorities: Hartlepool, Stockton-on-Tees, Middlesbrough, and Redcar and

Black River

2005-02-12T08:03:00.000-08:00

River in southeastern Missouri and eastern Arkansas, U.S., rising in the Ozark Mountains in Reynolds county, Mo. It flows southeasterly to Poplar Bluff, Mo., and then continues southwest to enter the White River near Newport, Ark., after a course of 280 miles (450 km). Limited navigation is possible for shallow-draft vessels in the lower 15 miles (25 km) of its course. Its main tributary is

Shochiku Co., Ltd.

2005-02-11T21:15:00.000-08:00

Leading Japanese motion-picture studio, the films of which are usually home-centred dramas aimed toward an audience of women. The company was formed in 1902 as a production company for kabuki performances. The business was expanded in 1920 to include motion-picture production, and, shortly afterward, the corporation established the Shochiku Kinema Company to train actors

Mueller, Sir Ferdinand Von

2005-02-11T14:02:00.000-08:00

After an apprenticeship as pharmacist, Mueller began the study of botany at the University of Kiel. Soon after receiving his Ph.D., he left Germany for Adelaide, South Australia (1847), where

Iron Gate

2005-02-11T10:19:00.000-08:00

Romanian Portile de Fier , Serbo-Croatian Gvozdena Vrata the last gorge of the Djerdap gorge system on the Danube River, dividing the Carpathian and Balkan mountains and forming part of the boundary between Yugoslavia and Romania. It is about 2 miles (3 km) long and 530 feet (162 m) wide, with towering rock cliffs that make it one of the most dramatic natural wonders of Europe. Near the town of Sip a large rock reef (called Perigrada) obstructed

Plunket, Saint Oliver

2005-02-09T14:56:00.000-08:00

Plunket was educated and ordained in Rome, serving there as professor of theology at the College of Propaganda Fide and as the representative of the Irish bishops at the Holy See. Appointed

Chaadayev, Pyotr Yakovlevich

2005-02-09T11:17:00.000-08:00

In his early years Chaadayev was an army officer and a liberal. During the 1820s he experienced a conversion to mystical Christianity, with strong leanings

Arzner, Dorothy

2005-02-09T04:48:00.000-08:00

Arzner was reared in Los Angeles, where her family owned a Hollywood

Mughal Carpet

2005-02-08T17:25:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Mogul, any of the handwoven floor coverings made in India in the 16th and 17th centuries for the Mughal emperors and their courts. Aside from patterns in the Persian manner, a series of distinctively Indian designs were developed, including scenic and landscape carpets; animal carpets with spirited chases backward and forward across the field; elaborate architectural latticeworks

Kidney Transplant

2005-02-07T22:08:00.000-08:00

Also called Renal Transplant, replacement of a diseased or damaged kidney with a healthy one obtained either from a living relative or a recently deceased person. Although kidney transplants were carried out in the late 1950s, clinically significant transplantation did not begin until around 1963, when the immunosuppressive drug azathioprine was developed to help counteract the rejection of the

Voznesensky, Andrey Andreyevich

2005-02-07T10:05:00.000-08:00

Voznesensky spent his early childhood in the city of Vladimir. In 1941 he moved with his mother and sister to Kurgan, in the Ural Mountains, while his father assisted in the evacuation of factories from besieged Leningrad. The profound

France, History Of, The social order of the ancien régime

2005-02-06T23:12:00.000-08:00

In the society of the ancien

Encyclopaedia, China

2005-02-06T16:06:00.000-08:00

The contribution from the East to the history of encyclopaedias is distinctive and covers a longer period than that of the West. The Chinese have produced encyclopaedias for approximately 2,000 years, but traditionally they differ from the modern Western encyclopaedia in that they are mainly anthologies of significant literature with some elements of the dictionary.

Kolbe, Hermann

2005-02-05T23:26:00.000-08:00

After studying chemistry with Friedrich Wöhler, Kolbe became an assistant to Robert Bunsen at the University of Marburg in 1842. Subsequently he assisted Lyon Playfair at the

Switzerland, Avalanches

2005-02-05T14:51:00.000-08:00

With the increase in winter tourism, the study of avalanches has developed as a branch of Alpine climatology, and during threatening weather the research station near Davos publishes daily avalanche bulletins, which are also available by phone, as a warning for villagers and tourists. The Alpine cantons have about 10,000 avalanches annually, more than 8,000 of them in February,

Holly

2005-02-05T03:24:00.000-08:00

Any of the shrubs and trees of the genus Ilex, in the family Aquifoliaceae, comprising about 400 species of red- or black-berried plants, including the popular Christmas hollies. They have alternate, simple leaves and single or clustered, small, usually greenish flowers (male and female being usually on separate plants). English holly (I. aquifolium), a tree growing

Caucasian Languages, The Avar-Andi-Dido languages

2005-02-04T09:35:00.000-08:00

Of these tongues,

Kahului

2005-02-04T02:32:00.000-08:00

City, Maui county, on the northern coast of Maui Island, Hawaii, U.S., on Kahului Bay. Until the 1950s Kahului had a small, transitory population. The Hawaiian and Commercial Sugar Company then sponsored a large planning project, and modern business and residential sectors were developed. Kahului has Maui's principal airport and its only deepwater port. With nearby Wailuku

Macedonia

2005-02-03T23:53:00.000-08:00

Modern Greek Makedhonía , traditional region of Greece, comprising the northern and northeastern portions of that country. Greek Macedonia has an area of about 13,200 square miles (34,200 square km). It is bounded by Albania to the west, independent Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, the Greek region of Thrace to the east, the Aegean Sea to the southeast, and the Greek regions of Thessaly and Epirus to the

Bcg Vaccine

2005-02-03T06:48:00.000-08:00

Vaccine against tuberculosis, prepared from a weakened strain of tuberculosis bacteria named BCG—bacille Calmette-Guérin, for the French scientists who developed the product. The vaccine is of particular importance for those whose occupations carry a high risk of infection by tuberculosis, such as nurses and physicians, and for persons in countries with high

Hughes, Charles Evans

2005-02-02T23:05:00.000-08:00

A member of a major New York City

Murad Iii

2005-02-02T11:07:00.000-08:00

Externally Murad continued the military offensive of his predecessors. He took Fez (now Fès, Mor.) from the Portuguese in 1578. He fought an exhausting war against

Asela

2005-01-31T09:37:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Asella, or Assela, town, south-central Ethiopia. It lies west of Mount Chilalo on a high plateau overlooking Lake Ziway in the Great Rift Valley. The town is an important trading centre for the surrounding livestock and lumbering region. An all-weather road connects it with Nazret to the north. Pop. (1989 est.) 40,175.

Mola

2005-01-31T04:25:00.000-08:00

The mola (Mola mola; see photograph) is an enormous, gray or brownish

Macaroni

2005-01-31T01:19:00.000-08:00

Small tubular form of pasta (q.v.).

Holguín

2005-01-30T17:04:00.000-08:00

Holguín, located on fertile, rolling plains, is now an important communications and trading centre in eastern Cuba. Sugar refining, cigar making,

Hinsley, Arthur

2005-01-30T09:46:00.000-08:00

Educated at the English College, Rome, where he was ordained in 1893, Hinsley subsequently held various academic posts in England, at Ushaw College, Durham (1893–97), and at St. Bede's

Liqueur

2005-01-29T18:07:00.000-08:00

The word liqueur is derived from the Latin liquefacere,

La Palma

2005-01-29T13:44:00.000-08:00

In full San Miguel De La Palma island, Santa Cruz de Tenerife provincia in the comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”) of Canary Islands, Spain. Located in the North Atlantic off the northwestern coast of Africa, it has an area of 281 square miles (728 square km). Its central geographic feature is La Caldera de Taburiente, a national park and a large volcanic caldera (6 miles [10 km] in diameter). The rim is breached

Ashikaga Yoshimasa

2005-01-28T19:12:00.000-08:00

Shogun (hereditary military dictator) who helped promote one of Japan's greatest cultural eras. His attempts to select an heir, however, brought on a dispute that caused the great Onin War (1467–77). This conflict not only laid waste the area around the capital at Kyoto and destroyed many of its great architectural treasures but also eliminated the fiction

Aalto, Alvar

2005-01-28T16:30:00.000-08:00

Aalto, whose work exemplifies the best of 20th-century Scandinavian architecture, was one of the first to depart from the stiffly geometric designs common to the early period of the modern movement and to stress informality and personal expression. His style is regarded as both romantic and regional. He used complex forms and varied materials, acknowledged the character

China, Muslim rebellions

2005-01-26T22:29:00.000-08:00

Muslim rebellions in Yunnan and in Shensi and Kansu originated from clashes between the Chinese and Muslims in those provinces. Religious antipathy must be taken into account, but more important were the social and political factors. In the frontier provinces the late dynastic confusions were felt as keenly as elsewhere, which aggravated the problems between

Orb

2005-01-26T09:28:00.000-08:00

Christians adapted the symbol by setting a cross above

BrownLeg

Orbison, Roy

Fish-finder

Heinrich Von Melk

Sea Spider

South Africa, The arts

Allan, Sir Hugh

Baracaldo

Arts, Central Asian, Music

Saxe, (hermann-) Maurice, Comte De

Nephelinesyenite

Bokn Fjord

Vaughan, Frankie

Auburn University

Guadalupe

Sweyn Ii Estridsen

Franciabigio

Aerospace Industry, Space launchers

Cagayan De Oro

Chelyabinsk

Rush, Richard

Korea, South

United Nations

Panama Canal, The canal

Fungus

Interlude

Augustine, Saint

Asheboro

Water Glass

Lowboy

New Apostolic Church

Cádiz

'abd Al-rahman Iii

Elizabeth Islands

Kerkrade

Atwood, Margaret (eleanor)

Gabrilowitsch, Ossip (salomonovich)

Hughes, Thomas

Bohemond I

Tarantula

Akron

Camargo, Marie (-anne De Cupis De)

Cosmos

Computer Security

Cumberland River

Nara

Cumberland River

Vietnam, Nam Viet

Tallit

Animal Learning, Habituation

Uesugi Family

Bonnie And Clyde

Montserrat

Kabylie

Interior Design, Classic movement after the Revolution, 17851835

Aesthetics, The aesthetic experience

Fermo

Dysphagia

Ma-xia School

Beretta Spa

Alabama, The people

Xanthate

Nitrate And Iodate Minerals

Ecuador, Drainage

Chandler, Norman

Struve, Pyotr Berngardovich

Leaf

Durham, John George Lambton, 1st Earl Of

Cleveland

Black River

Shochiku Co., Ltd.

Mueller, Sir Ferdinand Von

Iron Gate

Plunket, Saint Oliver

Chaadayev, Pyotr Yakovlevich

Arzner, Dorothy

Mughal Carpet

Kidney Transplant

Voznesensky, Andrey Andreyevich

France, History Of, The social order of the ancien régime

Interior Design, Classic movement after the Revolution, 17851835